The Different Types of Cotton: Where They Grow and Why They Matter
Cotton is one of the world’s most loved fibers. It shows up in everything from t-shirts and denim to bedsheets and dresses, but not all...
Cotton is one of the world’s most loved fibers. It shows up in everything from t-shirts and denim to bedsheets and dresses, but not all cotton is the same. In fact, there are multiple species grown around the world, and each type has unique characteristics that affect how it feels, how long it lasts, and how it impacts the planet.
Understanding these differences will help you to shop smarter, invest in higher-quality pieces, and appreciate the incredible diversity of this natural fiber.
Cotton has been cultivated for thousands of years. Archaeological finds show cotton textiles in South Asia dating back over 5,000 years. According to Oko Farms, “Thousands of years ago, four separate species of cotton were domesticated by four different cultures in four different places in the world: Central America, the Andes, Arabia, Syria, and the Indus Valley.”
Today, cotton is grown in more than 80 countries and remains the backbone of the global textile industry. However, the species of cotton grown, and the way it’s farmed, vary significantly.
While there are more than 50 well-established cotton species, only four are commercially grown. Each one plays a different role in the fashion industry.
Why it matters: Upland cotton is the most common, making it affordable and widely available. However, shorter fibers can pill more easily, and conventional farming often relies heavily on pesticides and water.
Why it matters: Pima is essentially the American cousin of Egyptian cotton, grown in different climates. It delivers the same high quality and durability, and when sourced responsibly, it’s a longer-lasting, more sustainable choice. Look for labels like Supima® to ensure authenticity.
Why it matters: Asiatic cotton has been cultivated for centuries and remains important for heritage textiles. While not as soft as other varieties, it plays a vital role in local economies and supports traditional craftsmanship.
Looking at these four cotton species side by side, one thing becomes clear: cotton isn’t just a single fabric. The type of cotton grown affects not only how our clothes feel, but also how durable they are, how much impact they have on the environment, and even which communities they support.
Here’s how these species influence the bigger picture:
So how do you take this knowledge from the field to your wardrobe? Here are some ways to shop smarter:
Slow fashion is about more than style, it’s about knowing the story behind what we wear. By understanding the differences between cotton species, you can make better decisions that honor both the planet and the people behind the fabric. Whether you’re slipping into a Supima tee, enjoying the crisp feel of Egyptian cotton sheets, or supporting handwoven Asiatic textiles, you’re choosing more consciously.
The next time you see “100% cotton” on a label, remember: not all cotton is created equal. And as thoughtful shoppers, knowing the difference helps us build wardrobes that feel good, last longer, and reflect our values.